Halieutique

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La gestion halieutique peut être définie comme « l'exploitation de toutes les ressources de la mer ». Elle tend peu à peu à intégrer de nouvelles dimensions telles que la gestion de la ressource, voire sa restauration, dans une approche de type développement durable. La gestion halieutique détermine la politique de pêche.

Elle représente pour les milieux aquatiques ce qu’est l'agronomie pour les milieux terrestres. Elle s’intéresse aux différents modes d’exploitation et de gestion (pêche, aquaculture) des espèces vivantes (végétales ou animales) exercés dans tous les milieux aquatiques (mer et eau douce).

Étymologie

Le mot halieutique vient du mot grec « ἁλιευτικός » se traduisant par pêcheur[1],[2].

Contributeurs notables

Les membres de cette liste répondent à un ou plusieurs des critères suivants : 1) Auteur d'articles sur la pêche largement cités et évalués par des pairs, 2) Auteur d'un ouvrage de référence majeur sur la pêche, 3) Fondateur d'une revue, d'un musée ou d'une autre organisation liée à la pêche 4) Personne la plus remarquable pour d'autres raisons qui a également travaillé dans le domaine de la pêche.

Contributeur Nationalité Naissance Mort Contribution
Baird, Spencer F. American 1823 1887 Scientifique fondateur de l'United States Fish Commission[3]
Baranov, Fedor I. Russian 1886 1965 Baranov a été appelé le grand-père de la dynamique des populations de pêche. L'équation de capture de Baranov de 1918 est peut-être l'équation la plus utilisée dans la modélisation des pêches.[4]
Beverton, Ray English 1922 1985 Biologiste des pêches connu pour le modèle Beverton-Holt (avec Sidney Holt), considéré comme l'un des fondateurs de la science des pêches[5]
Christensen, Villy Danish - Fisheries scientist and ecosystem modeller, known for his work on the development of Ecopath
Cobb, John N. American 1868 1930 Founder of the first college of fisheries in the United States, the University of Washington College of Fisheries, in 1919
Cooke, Steven J. Canadian 1974 Academic known for contributions to recreational fisheries science, inland fisheries and Conservation Physiology
Cushing, David English 1920 2008 Fisheries biologist, who is credited with the development of the match/mismatch hypothesis
Everhart, W. Harry American 1918 1994 Fisheries scientist, educator, administrator and author of several widely used fisheries texts[6]
Froese, Rainer German 1950 - Known for his work on the development and coordination of FishBase
Graham, Michael English 1889 1972 Known for his Great Law of Fishing, that “Fisheries that are unlimited become unprofitable.”
Green, Seth American 1817 1888 Pioneer in fish farming who established the first fish hatchery in the United States
Gunter, Gordon American 1909 1998 Pioneer in fisheries research in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Halver, John American 1922 2012 His pioneering work on the nutritional needs of fish led to modern methods of fish farming and fish feed production. He has been called the father of fish nutrition.[7],[8]
Hempel, Gotthilf German 1929 - Marine biologist and oceanographer, and co-founder of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Herwig, Walther German 1838 1912 Lawyer and promoter of high seas fishing and research
Chaudhuri, Hiralal Indian 1921 2014 Father of induced breeding of the Carp and also the pioneer of Blue revolution.[9] Fisheries biologist with strong contributions in fisheries management.
Hilborn, Ray Canadian 1947 - Fisheries biologist with strong contributions in fisheries management
Hjort, Johan Norwegian 1869 1948 Known for research to determine why northern European fish populations fluctuate in abundance[10]
Hofer, Bruno German 1861 1916 Fishery scientist credited with being the founder of fish pathology
Holt, Sidney English 1926 2019 Fisheries biologist known for the Beverton–Holt model (with Ray Beverton), credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science
Kils, Uwe German - Marine biologist specializing in planktology. Inventor of the ecoSCOPE
Kyle, H. M. Scottish 1872 1951 Ichthyologist specializing in fisheries science and one of the earliest identifiers of the concept of overfishing[11]
Lackey, Robert T. Canadian 1944 - Fisheries scientist and political scientist known for his work involving the role of science in policy making[12]
Larkin, Peter A. Canadian 1924 1996 Fisheries scientist known for his critical remarks on the concept of MSY
Lee, Rosa M. Welsh 1884 1976 One of the first UK women employed as a fisheries scientist. Known for "Rosa Lee's phenomenon," in which size-selective fishing mortality reduces the average size of older age classes[13]
Lubchenco, Jane American 1947 Known for both her academic research in fisheries and related fields as well as policies implemented during her time as head of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Margolis, Leo Canadian 1927 1997 Parasitologist and head of the Pacific Biological Station in Nanaimo, British Columbia
McKay, R. J. Australian Biologist and a specialist in translocated freshwater fishes
Myers, Ransom A. Canadian 1952 2007 Fisheries biologist best known for his work assessing the status of ocean fish populations[14]
Pauly, Daniel French / Canadian 1946 Prominent fisheries scientist, known for his work studying human impacts on global fisheries
Pitcher, Tony J. - Known for work on the impacts of fishing, management appraisals and the shoaling behavior of fish
Rice, Michael A. American 1955 - Known for work on molluscan fisheries
Ricker, Bill Canadian 1908 2001 Fisheries biologist, known for the Ricker model, credited with being one of the founders of fisheries science
Ricketts, Ed American 1897 1948 A colourful marine biologist and philosopher who introduced ecology to fisheries science.[15]
Roberts, Callum - Marine conservation biologist, known for his work on the role marine reserves play in protecting marine ecosystems
Rosenthal, Harald German 1937 - Hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
Safina, Carl American 1955 - Author of several writings on marine ecology and the ocean
Sars, Georg Ossian Norwegian 1837 1927 Marine biologist credited with the discovery of a number of new species and known for his analysis of cod fisheries
Schaefer, Milner Baily American 1912 1970 Notable for work on the population dynamics of fisheries
Schreck, Carl American 1944 - Fisheries scientist and endocrinologist known for his research on Pacific salmon
Schweder, Tore Norwegian 1943 - Statistician whose work includes the assessment of marine resources
Sette, Oscar Elton American 1900 1972 Pioneered the integration of fisheries biology with oceanography and meteorology to create fisheries oceanography and modern fisheries science.
Shimada, Bell M. American 1922 1958 Notable for study of tuna stocks in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Sumaila, Ussif Rashid Nigerian - Notable for his analysis of the economic aspects of fisheries
Suttkus, Royal D. American 1920 2009 Founder of the Royal D. Suttkus Fish Collection, housed at Tulane University
Utter, Fred M. American 1931 - Characterised by NOAA as the founding father of fishery genetics, he has been influential in marine conservation[16]
von Bertalanffy, Ludwig Austrian 1901 1972 In fisheries, best known for the von Bertalanffy function[17]
Walters, Carl American 1944 - Biologist known for his work involving fisheries stock assessments, the adaptive management concept, and ecosystem modeling

Notes et références

  1. Définition du Littré
  2. « HALIEUTIQUE : Définition de HALIEUTIQUE », sur www.cnrtl.fr (consulté le )
  3. « NOAA History - Giants of History - Spencer Fullerton Baird », sur National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
  4. Terrance J. II Quinn, « Ruminations on the development and future of population dynamics models in fisheries », Natural Resource Modeling, vol. 16, no 4,‎ , p. 341–392 (DOI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2003.tb00119.x, CiteSeerx 10.1.1.473.3765)
  5. D. H. Cushing et R.W. Edwards, « Raymond John Heaphy Beverton, C. B. E. 29 August 1922-23 July 1995 », Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol. 42,‎ , p. 24–38 (DOI 10.1098/rsbm.1996.0003, JSTOR 770195)
  6. (en) Richard Baer, « Watson Harry Everhart - June 5, 1918 - October 1, 1994 », Cornell University Faculty Memorial Statement,‎ (lire en ligne)
  7. American Fisheries Society, National Fish Culture Hall of Fame, Spearfish, S.D. 2000
  8. « Archived copy » [archive du ] (consulté le ).
  9. Anil Sharma et Bimal Mohanty, « Hiralal Chaudhuri (1921-2014) - PERSONAL NEWS », Current Science, vol. 108,‎ , p. 286–287 (lire en ligne)
  10. Dag W. Aksnes et Howard I. Browman, « Johan Hjort's impact on fisheries science: a bibliometric analysis », ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 71, no 8,‎ , p. 2012–2016 (DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsu147, lire en ligne)
  11. (en) Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries: Fisheries, John Wiley & Sons, , 78–79 p. (ISBN 978-0470693131)
  12. (en) Joshua A. Krisch, « The Science of Science Advocacy », The Scientist,‎ (lire en ligne)
  13. Sarah B. M. Kraak, Stefanie Haase, Cóilín Minto et Juan Santos, « The Rosa Lee phenomenon and its consequences for fisheries advice on changes in fishing mortality or gear selectivity », ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 76, no 7,‎ , p. 2179–2192 (DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsz107)
  14. (en) Patricia Sullivan, « Biologist Ransom A. Myers, 54; Warned of Overfishing in Oceans », Washington Post,‎ (lire en ligne)
  15. Ed Ricketts’ death, 50 years ago last week, preceded that of Cannery Row by only a few months.

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  16. History Makers: Honorable Mentions NOAA. Updated: 19 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  17. Stelios Katsanevakis et Christos D. Maravelias, « Modelling fish growth: multi‐model inference as a better alternative to a priori using von Bertalanffy equation », Fish and Fisheries, vol. 9, no 2,‎ , p. 178–187 (DOI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00279.x)

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

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